05 Software Update

apt is a command-line utility used to install, update, remove and manage deb packages on Ubuntu, Debian and related Linux distributions.

The software and commands we usually use can be downloaded and used from apt

1 Update and upgrade

Devices running the Linux operating system rely on millions of lines of code. Over time, these millions of lines of code will be exposed to well-known vulnerabilities, which are recorded in publicly available databases, meaning they can be easily exploited.

In addition, some software will rely on the latest software packages, and updates and upgrades can also be compatible with more software

Tips

When we burn a new image or encounter some software that cannot be installed, we recommend using apt to update and upgrade

Warning

The apt command requires a network connection when used

#更新软件包数据库
sudo apt update

#升级已安装的软件包
sudo apt upgrade

2 Modify apt software source

The board is shipped with the software source of USTC. If you want to change the software source yourself, it is recommended to choose a smooth domestic software source.

Before rewriting the software source, you can back up the software source to prevent setting the wrong software source

#备份软件源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

#编辑你要使用的软件源
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

#更新软件源
sudo apt update

#升级
sudo apt upgrade

Modify the software source back to USTC

#修改软件源为中科大软件源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.backup /etc/apt/sources.list

#更新软件源
sudo apt update

#升级
sudo apt upgrade

3 apt common commands

3.1 Update the package database using apt

apt actually works on a database of available packages. If the database is not updated, the system will not know if there are newer packages available. That is why after installing any Linux system, the first thing you should do is to update the apt database.

sudo apt update

When you run this command, you will see the package information retrieved from the various servers.

3.2 Installing packages using apt

sudo apt install package_name

#如果出于某种原因，你想安装一个软件包，但不想升级，那么如果已经安装了，就可以升级。
sudo apt install <package_name> --no-upgrade

#如果只想升级软件包，但不想安装（如果尚未安装），可以使用以下命令进行升级
sudo apt install <package_name> --only-upgrade

#使用apt安装软件的特定版本
#默认情况下，将为应用程序安装存储库中可用的最新版本。但如果不想安装最新版本，可以指定版本号。您需要知道要安装的确切版本号-
#只需使用包的名称添加=version。

sudo apt install <package_name>=<version_number>

3.3 Removing packages using apt

Before removing or installing a new package, information about package dependencies, installed size, package sources, etc. may be useful.

sudo apt show package_name

3.4 Cleaning the archive of downloaded files using apt

sudo apt-get clean

3.5 Download software source code using apt

sudo apt-get source <packages>

3.6 Using apt to understand software dependencies

sudo apt-cache depends <packages>

3.7 Checking software dependencies using apt

sudo apt-get check